Papers & Publications
Acceptability and usability of home-based HIV and blood glucose self-testing and home-based blood pressure measurement in Kenya, South Africa, and Zambia
Oliver, C., Bemer, M., Lauff, A., Morton, J., Cooper, S., Humphries, H., Sharma, H., Pollard, D., Winters, A., van Heerden, A., Bukusi, E., Rech, D., Drain, P. Acceptability and usability of home-based HIV and blood glucose self-testing and home-based blood pressure measurement in Kenya, South Africa, and Zambia. PLOS Global Public Health, Sept 2026
Acceptability, Usability, and Clinical Appropriateness of an AI-Powered Tool for Linkage to HIV Services After HIV Self-Testing in South Africa: Mixed Methods Evaluation
Mahlalela N, Maboa O, Govathson C, Rossouw L, Long L, Greener R, Morris S, Cooper S, Frade S, Pascoe S, Chetty-Makkan C, Acceptability, Usability, and Clinical Appropriateness of an AI-Powered Tool for Linkage to HIV Services After HIV Self-Testing in South Africa: Mixed Methods Evaluation, J Med Internet Res 2026;28:e88570 , DOI: 10.2196/88570
Perspectives on App-Assisted Self-Testing Using Rapid Diagnostic Tests Among Community Members, Health Care Providers, and Public Health Leaders in Kenya, South Africa, and Zambia: Qualitative Study
Sharma A, Mwamba C, Maritim P, Humphries H, Kwena Z, Pollard D, O’Malley G, Cooper S, Bemer M, Bukusi E, Lauff A, Naiken L, Madonsela T, Morton J, Rech D, Sang N, Tshazi A, van Heerden A, Winters A, Drain P, Perspectives on App-Assisted Self-Testing Using Rapid Diagnostic Tests Among Community Members, Health Care Providers, and Public Health Leaders in Kenya, South Africa, and Zambia: Qualitative Study, J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e70273, DOI: 10.2196/70273
Breaking barriers: harnessing artificial intelligence for a stigma-free, efficient HIV prevention assessment among adults in South Africa
Govathson C, Chetty-Makkan C, Greener R, Frade S, Rech D, Morris S, Richard Y, Mendonca R, Maricich N, Long L and Pascoe S (2026) Breaking barriers: harnessing artificial intelligence for a stigma-free, efficient HIV prevention assessment among adults in South Africa. Front. Digit. Health 7:1731002. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2025.1731002
Feasibility of self-testing for acute malaria using rapid diagnostic tests in three peri-urban sub-Saharan African community settings
Brumwell, A., Bemer, M., Lauff, A., Morton, J. F., Thomas, K. K., Moe, C. A., Cooper, S., Humphries, H., Sharma, A., Pollard, D., Kwena, Z., Sang, N., Winters, A., van Heerden, A., Bukusi, E., Rech, D., & Drain, P. Feasibility of self-testing for acute malaria using rapid diagnostic tests in three peri-urban sub-Saharan African community settings. Malaria Journal, Dec 2025; 24(1), 449. DOI: 10.1186/s12936-025-05727-6
Assessing accuracy and performance: of recording mRDT results, result stability over time, and AI RDT reading, a collection of publications from a 4-country study in Africa
Publication collection for a 4-country operational research study in Benin, Nigeria, Uganda, andCote d'Ivoire. View full collection , BMC, Springer Nature November 2025
Highlighted paper: Lindblade, K.A., Mpimbaza, A., Ngufor, C. et al. Assessing the accuracy of the recording and reporting of malaria rapid diagnostic test results in four African countries: methods and key results.Malar J24, 206 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05459-7
Household healthcare seeking patterns for emergent ill-health in Migori, Western Kenya
Kwena, Z. A., Bukusi, E. A., Mwamba, C., Sang, N. M., Okoth, F. O., Morton, J. F., Winters, A., Pollard, D., Van Heerden, A., Humphries, H., Rech, D., Bemer, M., Cooper, S., Sharma, A., & Drain, P. K. Household healthcare seeking patterns for emergent ill-health in Migori, Western Kenya. Frontiers in Public Health, Nov 2025; 13, 1658217. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1658217
Malaria RDT (mRDT) interpretation accuracy by frontline health workers compared to AI in Kano state, Nigeria
Frade S, Cooper S, Smedinghoff S, Hattery D, Ruan Y, Isabelli P, Ravi N, McLaughlin M, Metz, L, Finette B, Malaria RDT (mRDT) interpretation accuracy by frontline health workers compared to AI in Kano state, Nigeria. BMC Digit Health 3, 50 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s44247-025-00190-4
Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven rapid diagnostic test interpretation in a Connected Diagnostics (ConnDx) system for dynamic malaria surveillance
Bahati, F., Owuor, K., Milimo, E., Onyuka, N., K’Oloo, A., Koyuncu, C., Gomez, P., Maricich, N., Frade, S., Smedinghoff, S., Schutte, L., Houben, N., Owino, W., Dayoo, L., Ganda, G., Kariuki, S., Reboud, J., Cooper, J., de Wit, T. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven rapid diagnostic test interpretation in a Connected Diagnostics (ConnDx) system for dynamic malaria surveillance. BMC Digit Health 3, 62 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s44247-025-00197-x
Designing Artificial Intelligence-Powered Health Care Assistants to Reach Vulnerable Populations: A Discrete Choice Experiment Among South African University Students
Amy Zheng MPH , Lawrence Long PhD, Caroline Govathson MSc, Candice Chetty-Makkan PhD, Sarah Morris BS, Dino Rech MBA, Matthew P. Fox DSc , Sophie Pascoe PhD, Designing Artificial Intelligence-Powered Health Care Assistants to Reach Vulnerable Populations: A Discrete Choice Experiment Among South African University Students.Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Digital Health, Volume 3, Issue 3, 2025, 100248, ISSN 2949-7612,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcpdig.2025.100248
Online delivery of oral HIV pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis: findings from the ePrEP Kenya pilot
Kiptinness, C., Naik, P., Kareithi, T., Thuo, N., Okello, P., Culquichicon, C., Rafferty, M., Abdulrashid, S., Jomo, E., Nyamasyo, N., Wood, T., Mendonca, R., Malen, R.C., Dettinger, J.C., Pintye, J., Mwangi, J., Stergachis, A., Onentia, J., Curran, K., Mugambi, M.L., Were, D., Ngure, K., Sharma, M., Ortblad, K.F. and (2025), Online delivery of oral HIV pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis: findings from the ePrEP Kenya pilot. J Int AIDS Soc., 28: e26468. https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.26468
Assessing the accuracy of the recording and reporting of malaria rapid diagnostic test results in four African countries: Methods and key results
Kim A. Lindblade, Arthur Mpimbaza2, Corine Ngufor, William Yavo, Sunday Atobatele, Ese Akpiroroh, Abibatou Konate-Toure, Idelphonse Ahogni, Nelson Ssewante, Bosco Agaba, Augustin Kpemasse, Jacques Agnon, Onyebuchi Okoro, Godwin Ntadom, Antoine Tanoh, Cyriaque Affoukou, Jimmy Opigo, Shawna Cooper, John J. Aponte, Kevin Griffith, Radina Soebiyanto, Michael Humes, “Assessing the accuracy of the recording and reporting of malaria rapid diagnostic test results in four African countries: Methods and key results”. Malar J 24, 206 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05459-7
Use of a health worker-targeted smartphone app to support quality malaria RDT implementation in Busia County, Kenya: A feasibility and acceptability study
Skjefte M, Cooper S, Poyer S, Lourenço C, Smedinghoff S, Keller B, Wambua T, Odour C, Frade S, Waweru W, "Use of a health worker-targeted smartphone app to support quality malaria RDT implementation in Busia County, Kenya: A feasibility and acceptability study", PLoS ONE 19(3): e0295049. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295049
Measuring the performance of computer vision artificial intelligence to interpret images of HIV self-testing results
Roche Stephanie D. , Ekwunife Obinna I. , Mendonca Rouella , Kwach Benn , Omollo Victor , Zhang Shengruo , Ongwen Patricia , Hattery David , Smedinghoff Sam , Morris Sarah , Were Daniel , Rech Dino , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Ortblad Katrina F., "Measuring the performance of computer vision artificial intelligence to interpret images of HIV self-testing result", 2024, Frontiers in Public Health, Vol 12, 1334881
Transforming Rapid Diagnostic Tests into Trusted Diagnostic Tools in LMIC using AI
Krishnam Gupta, Yongshao Ruan, Ahmed Ibrahim, Rouella Mendonca, Shawna Cooper, Sarah Morris, and David Hattery, "Transforming Rapid Diagnostic Tests into Trusted Diagnostic Tools in LMIC using AI", 2023 IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence (CAI), Santa Clara, CA, USA, 2023, pp. 306-308, doi: 10.1109/CAI54212.2023.00136.
Online HIV prophylaxis delivery: Protocol for the ePrEP Kenya pilot study
Kiptinness Catherine, Naik Paulami, Thuo Nicholas, Malen Rachel C., Dettinger Julia C., Pintye Jillian, Rafferty Maeve, Jomo Edwin, Nyamasyo Nicky, Wood Tony, Isabelli Paul, Morris Sarah, Hattery David, Stergachis Andy, Were Daniel, Sharma Monisha, Ngure Kenneth, Mugambi Melissa Latigo, Ortblad Katrina F., “Online HIV prophylaxis delivery: Protocol for the ePrEP Kenya pilot study”, 2023, Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1054559.
Flu@home: the Comparative Accuracy of an At-Home Influenza Rapid Diagnostic Test Using a Prepositioned Test Kit…
Jack Henry Kotnik, Shawna Cooper, Sam Smedinghoff, Piyusha Gade, Kelly Scherer, Mitchell Maier, Jessie Juusola, Ernesto Ramirez, Pejman Naraghi-Arani, Victoria Lyon, Barry Lutzu, Matthew Thompson, “Flu@home: the Comparative Accuracy of an At-Home Influenza Rapid Diagnostic Test Using a Prepositioned Test Kit, Mobile App, Mail-in Reference Sample, and Symptom-Based Testing Trigger”, 2022, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Vol.60, No.3
Evaluating an app-guided self-test for influenza: lessons learned for improving the feasibility of study designs to evaluate self-tests for respiratory viruses
Monica L. Zigman Suchsland, Ivan Rahmatullah, Barry Lutz, Victoria Lyon, Shichu Huang, Enos Kline, Chelsey Graham, Shawna Cooper, Philip Su, Sam Smedinghoff, Helen Y. Chu, Kara Sewalk, John S. Brownstein & Matthew J. Thompson on behalf of Seattle Flu Study investigators, “Evaluating an app-guided self-test for influenza: lessons learned for improving the feasibility of study designs to evaluate self-tests for respiratory viruses”, BMC Infect Dis 21, 617 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06314-1
Polyester nasal swabs collected in a dry tube are a robust and inexpensive, minimal self-collection kit
Leah R. Padgett, Lauren A. Kennington, Charlotte L. Ahls, Delini K. Samarasinghe, Yuan-Po Tu, Michelle L. Wallander, Shawna D. Cooper, James S. Elliott, Douglas Rains, “Polyester nasal swabs collected in a dry tube are a robust and inexpensive, minimal self-collection kit for SARS-CoV-2 testing”, 2021, PLOS ONE
Diagnostic accuracy of an app-guided, self-administered test for influenza among individuals presenting to general practice with influenza-like illness: study protocol
Victoria Lyon, Monica Zigman Suchsland, Monique Chilver, Nigel Stocks, Barry Lutz, Philip Su, Shawna Cooper, Chunjong Park, Libby Rose Lavitt, Alex Mariakakis, Shwetak Patel, Chelsey Graham, Mark Rieder, Cynthia LeRouge, Matthew Thompson, “Diagnostic accuracy of an app-guided, self-administered test for influenza among individuals presenting to general practice with influenza-like illness: study protocol”, BMJ Open 2020;10:e036298. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036298