Papers & Publications

Featured
How AI and data can change the fight against Malaria in Kenya

Author: Dr. Lisette Schutte, Solution Lead Epidemic Preparedness, PharmAccess, How AI and data can change the fight against Malaria in Kenya, PharmAccess, Nov 4, 2025

Artificial Intelligence to Connect Private Sector Malaria Diagnosis and Case Reporting in Kisumu County, Kenya

Naomy Onyuka, Lisette Schutte, Nathalie Houben, Alloys K’oloo, Felix Bahati, Lilyana Dayo, Tobias F. Rinke de Wit, Artificial Intelligence to Connect Private Sector Malaria Diagnosis and Case Reporting in Kisumu County, Kenya. AI In Health Africa Conference, Nov 5, 2025

Assessing accuracy and performance: of recording mRDT results, result stability over time, and AI RDT reading, a collection of publications from a 4-country study in Africa

Publication collection for a 4-country operational research study in Benin, Nigeria, Uganda, andCote d'Ivoire. View full collection , BMC, Sprinter Nature November 2025

Highlighted paper: Lindblade, K.A., Mpimbaza, A., Ngufor, C. et al. Assessing the accuracy of the recording and reporting of malaria rapid diagnostic test results in four African countries: methods and key results. Malar J24, 206 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05459-7

New Study Confirms Artificial Intelligence Boosts Malaria Diagnosis Accuracy

Authors: JSI.org, November 2025, New Study Confirms Artificial Intelligence Boosts Malaria Diagnosis Accuracy, read the full report here

Malaria RDT (mRDT) interpretation accuracy by frontline health workers compared to AI in Kano state, Nigeria

Frade S, Cooper S, Smedinghoff S, Hattery D, Ruan Y, Isabelli P, Ravi N, McLaughlin M, Metz, L, Finette B, Malaria RDT (mRDT) interpretation accuracy by frontline health workers compared to AI in Kano state, Nigeria. BMC Digit Health 3, 50 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s44247-025-00190-4

Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven rapid diagnostic test interpretation in a Connected Diagnostics (ConnDx) system for dynamic malaria surveillance

Bahati, F., Owuor, K., Milimo, E., Onyuka, N., K’Oloo, A., Koyuncu, C., Gomez, P., Maricich, N., Frade, S., Smedinghoff, S., Schutte, L., Houben, N., Owino, W., Dayoo, L., Ganda, G., Kariuki, S., Reboud, J., Cooper, J., de Wit, T. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven rapid diagnostic test interpretation in a Connected Diagnostics (ConnDx) system for dynamic malaria surveillance. BMC Digit Health 3, 62 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s44247-025-00197-x

Task Specific Computer Vision Versus Large Multi-Modal Models for Diagnostic Test Interpretation – A Benchmarking Study [version 1]

Mendonca R, Smedinghoff S, Li B, Gupta K, Ruan Y, Morris S, Isabelli P, Hattery D, Ratevosian J, Mateen B. Task Specific Computer Vision Versus Large Multi-Modal Models for Diagnostic Test Interpretation – A Benchmarking Study[version 1]. VeriXiv 2025, 2:272 

(pre-print)

Online delivery of oral HIV pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis: findings from the ePrEP Kenya pilot

Kiptinness, C., Naik, P., Kareithi, T., Thuo, N., Okello, P., Culquichicon, C., Rafferty, M., Abdulrashid, S., Jomo, E., Nyamasyo, N., Wood, T., Mendonca, R., Malen, R.C., Dettinger, J.C., Pintye, J., Mwangi, J., Stergachis, A., Onentia, J., Curran, K., Mugambi, M.L., Were, D., Ngure, K., Sharma, M., Ortblad, K.F. and (2025), Online delivery of oral HIV pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis: findings from the ePrEP Kenya pilot. J Int AIDS Soc., 28: e26468. https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.26468

Reimagining HIV prevention with artificial intelligence

Jirair Ratevosian, Michael Reid, Zhao Ni, Rouella Mendonca, Robyn Eakle , Cheryl Johnson, Izukanji Sikazwe, Meshack Ndirangu, Solange Baptiste, Linda-Gail Bekker, “Reimagining HIV prevention with artificial intelligence”, 11 June, 2025, The Lancet HIV, Volume 0, Issue 0

Assessing the accuracy of the recording and reporting of malaria rapid diagnostic test results in four African countries: Methods and key results

Kim A. Lindblade, Arthur Mpimbaza2, Corine Ngufor, William Yavo, Sunday Atobatele, Ese Akpiroroh, Abibatou Konate-Toure, Idelphonse Ahogni, Nelson Ssewante, Bosco Agaba, Augustin Kpemasse, Jacques Agnon, Onyebuchi Okoro, Godwin Ntadom, Antoine Tanoh, Cyriaque Affoukou, Jimmy Opigo, Shawna Cooper, John J. Aponte, Kevin Griffith, Radina Soebiyanto, Michael Humes, “Assessing the accuracy of the recording and reporting of malaria rapid diagnostic test results in four African countries: Methods and key results”. Malar J 24, 206 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05459-7

Reform and Renewal: Five Recommendations for PEPFAR

Authors: Ratevosian J, Dow D, Ogbuoji O, Okeke L, Yamey G, Beyrer C; Reviewer: Morris S, "Reform and Renewal: Five Recommendations for PEPFAR" Duke Global Health Institute, Policy Brief, Feb 2025

Generative AI for Health in Low & Middle Income Countries

Hunt I, Parkhouse J, Rich L, Jin K, Imam M, Kim J, Posada M, Lopez M, Ugolnik Z, Soule S, Linos E, "Generative AI for Health in Low & Middle Income Countries" Center for Digital Health, Stanford, April 2025

Announcing the Lancet Global Health Commission on artificial intelligence (AI) and HIV: leveraging AI for equitable and sustainable impact

Reid M, Otieno B, van Heerden A, Sikazwe I, Baptiste S, Mendonca R, Tasi G, Sundaram M, "Announcing the Lancet Global Health Commission on artificial intelligence (AI) and HIV: leveraging AI for equitable and sustainable impact" The Lancet Global Health, Volume 13, Issue 4, e611 - e612

HealthPulse AI: Enhancing Diagnostic Trust and Accessibility in Under-Resourced Settings through AI [version 1]

Frade S, Rech D, Mendonca R, Cooper S, Morris S, Lee H, Gupta K, Sihan Li B, Ruan Y, Hattery D, Marucheck M, Isabelli P, "HealthPulse AI: Enhancing Diagnostic Trust and Accessibility in Under-Resourced Settings through AI" [version 1]. VeriXiv 2025, 2:54

(preprint)

Artificial intelligence powers HIV testing services in Kenya

Peabody, Roger, “Artificial intelligence powers HIV testing services in Kenya”, The Lancet HIV, Volume 12, Issue 2, e92 - e93

Digital Insights Into Malaria Testing: Analyzing RDT Challenges in Four African Nations

Cooper S, Frade S, Smedinghoff S, Ibrahim A, Mendonca R, Hattery D, Mpimbaza A, Ssewante N, Ngufor C, Ahogni I, Yavo W, Abibatou K, Orya E, Akpiroroh E, Lindblade K, Humes M, Griffith K, “Digital Insights Into Malaria Testing: Analyzing RDT Challenges in Four African Nations”, 2024 ASTMH Conference, New Orleans, LA, USA

Malaria RDT (mRDT) interpretation accuracy by frontline health workers compared to AI in Kano State, Nigeria [version 1]

Frade S, Cooper S, Smedinghoff S, Hattery D, Ruan Y, Isabelli P, Ravi N, McLaughlin M, Metz L, Finette B, "Malaria RDT (mRDT) interpretation accuracy by frontline health workers compared to AI in Kano State, Nigeria" [version 1]. VeriXiv 2024, 1:3

(preprint)

Improving Confidence and Trust in Private-Sector Telemedicine for HIV PrEP/PEP Delivery with AI in Kenya

Rouella Mendonca, Dino Rech, Sasha Frade, Sarah Morris, Sam Smedinghoff, Ahmed Ibrahim, David Hattery, Katrina F. Ortblad, Daniel Were, Salima Saidi, Samira Abdulrashid, “Improving Confidence and Trust in Private-Sector Telemedicine for HIV PrEP/PEP Delivery with AI”, 2024 IAS Conference, Munich Germany

Online Pharmacy PrEP and PEP: Technical considerations and learnings from Kenya

Beth Balderston, Davina Canagasabey, Ashley Jackson, Samuel Kibonge, and Dr. Christopher Obong'o of PATH, MYDAWA, Jhpiego, Audere, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, “Online Pharmacy PrEP and PEP: Technical considerations and learnings from Kenya”, PATH Online Publication

Your Choice - Using artificial intelligence (AI) to reduce stigma & improve precision in assessing HIV vulnerability to improve & tailor care

Govathson C, Long L, Rech D, Morris S, Chetty-Makkan C, Li B, Maricich N, Liang R, Simpson-Cupido D, Richard Y, Greener R, Pascoe SJS, “Your Choice - Using artificial intelligence (AI) to reduce stigma & improve precision in assessing HIV vulnerability to improve & tailor care”, 2024 IAS Conference, Munich Germany

PrEP at your doorstep: Revolutionizing HIV prevention for MSM and TGW with courier delivery and a mobile app for seamless access to priority medication

J. Pienaar, R. Rawlinson, V. Ncube, M. Chabane, D. Rech, S. Cooper, “PrEP at your doorstep: Revolutionizing HIV prevention for MSM and TGW with courier delivery and a mobile app for seamless access to priority medication”, 2024 IAS Conference, Munich Germany

Pilot Results: Elephant Health Nigeria, AI-powered malaria case management

Author: Jonathan Dola-Timothy, Elephant Nigeria, July 2024, Elephant Partners with Audere to increase testing rates for malaria, full Case Study here

Use of a health worker-targeted smartphone app to support quality malaria RDT implementation in Busia County, Kenya: A feasibility and acceptability study

Skjefte M, Cooper S, Poyer S, Lourenço C, Smedinghoff S, Keller B, Wambua T, Odour C, Frade S, Waweru W, "Use of a health worker-targeted smartphone app to support quality malaria RDT implementation in Busia County, Kenya: A feasibility and acceptability study", PLoS ONE 19(3): e0295049. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295049

Measuring the performance of computer vision artificial intelligence to interpret images of HIV self-testing results

Roche Stephanie D. , Ekwunife Obinna I. , Mendonca Rouella , Kwach Benn , Omollo Victor , Zhang Shengruo , Ongwen Patricia , Hattery David , Smedinghoff Sam , Morris Sarah , Were Daniel , Rech Dino , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Ortblad Katrina F., "Measuring the performance of computer vision artificial intelligence to interpret images of HIV self-testing result", 2024, Frontiers in Public Health, Vol 12, 1334881

Digitally-Enhanced Rapid Malaria Testing using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Support Quality Control with Community Health Workers in Rwanda

Noella Umulisa, Eliab Mwiseneza, Natalie Maricich, Shawna Cooper, Jean Damascene Niyonzima, Michee Kabera, Aimable Mbituyumuremyi, Gladys Tetteh, "Digitally-Enhanced Rapid Malaria Testing Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Support Quality Control with Community Health Workers in Rwanda", 2023 ASTMH Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, 2023 Poster Session 6809.

Malaria RDT interpretation accuracy of health workers compared to artificial intelligence (AI) and Panel Read in Kano State, Nigeria

Sasha Frade, Shawna Cooper, Sam Smedinghoff, David Hattery, Yongshao Ruan, Paul Isabelli, Ravi Nirmal, Megan McLaughlin, Lynn Metz, Barry Finette, "Malaria RDT interpretation accuracy of health workers compared to artificial intelligence (AI) and Panel Read in Kano State, Nigeria", 2023 ASTMH Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, 2023 Poster Session 5378.

User Perceptions of a Smartphone-based Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) aid for Community and Private Clinic-based Health Workers in Western Kenya.

Malia Skjefte, Shawna Cooper, Stephen Poyer, Christopher Lourenço, Sam Smedinghoff, Brett Keller, Tonny Wambua, Christine Oduor,Sasha Frade, Wycliffe Waweru, "User Perceptions of a Smartphone-based Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) aid for Community and Private Clinic-based Health Workers in Western Kenya.", 2023 ASTMH Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, 2023 Poster Session 5370.

“Your Choice” - Using artificial intelligence (AI) to reduce stigma & improve precision in HIV risk assessment and reporting of results

Govathson C, Long L, Rech D, Morris S, Chetty-Makkan C, Li B, Maricich N, Liang R, Simpson-Cupido D, Richard Y, Greener R, Pascoe SJS, "Your Choice - Using artificial intelligence (AI) to reduce stigma & improve precision in HIV risk assessment and reporting of results", 2023 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Grand Challenges Meeting, Dakar, Senegal, INV-062692.

Transforming Rapid Diagnostic Tests into Trusted Diagnostic Tools in LMIC using AI</a>

Krishnam Gupta, Yongshao Ruan, Ahmed Ibrahim, Rouella Mendonca, Shawna Cooper, Sarah Morris, and David Hattery, "Transforming Rapid Diagnostic Tests into Trusted Diagnostic Tools in LMIC using AI", 2023 IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence (CAI), Santa Clara, CA, USA, 2023, pp. 306-308, doi: 10.1109/CAI54212.2023.00136.

Presentation

“Measuring the performance of artificial intelligence to interpret images of HIV self-testing results</a>”

O. Ekwunife, S. Roche, R. Mendonca, B. Kwach, P. Ongwen, S. Zhang5, D. Hattery, S. Smedinghoff, S. Morris, V. Omollo, D. Were, D. Rech, E. Bukusi, K. Ortblad “Measuring the performance of artificial intelligence to interpret images of HIV self-testing results”, International Aids Society, IAS 2023, Abstract 2116.

Presentation

artificial intelligence, machine learning, surveillance, malaria, mRDT, computer vision Sarah Morris artificial intelligence, machine learning, surveillance, malaria, mRDT, computer vision Sarah Morris

Assessing accuracy and performance: of recording mRDT results, result stability over time, and AI RDT reading, a collection of publications from a 4-country study in Africa

Publication collection for a 4-country operational research study in Benin, Nigeria, Uganda, andCote d'Ivoire. View full collection , BMC, Sprinter Nature November 2025

Highlighted paper: Lindblade, K.A., Mpimbaza, A., Ngufor, C. et al. Assessing the accuracy of the recording and reporting of malaria rapid diagnostic test results in four African countries: methods and key results. Malar J24, 206 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05459-7

Read More
artificial intelligence, AIDS, HIV, prevention, treatment, machine learning, surveillance, 95-95-95 Paul Isabelli artificial intelligence, AIDS, HIV, prevention, treatment, machine learning, surveillance, 95-95-95 Paul Isabelli

Malaria RDT (mRDT) interpretation accuracy by frontline health workers compared to AI in Kano state, Nigeria

Frade S, Cooper S, Smedinghoff S, Hattery D, Ruan Y, Isabelli P, Ravi N, McLaughlin M, Metz, L, Finette B, Malaria RDT (mRDT) interpretation accuracy by frontline health workers compared to AI in Kano state, Nigeria. BMC Digit Health 3, 50 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s44247-025-00190-4

Read More
artificial intelligence, AIDS, HIV, prevention, treatment, machine learning, surveillance, 95-95-95 Paul Isabelli artificial intelligence, AIDS, HIV, prevention, treatment, machine learning, surveillance, 95-95-95 Paul Isabelli

Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven rapid diagnostic test interpretation in a Connected Diagnostics (ConnDx) system for dynamic malaria surveillance

Bahati, F., Owuor, K., Milimo, E., Onyuka, N., K’Oloo, A., Koyuncu, C., Gomez, P., Maricich, N., Frade, S., Smedinghoff, S., Schutte, L., Houben, N., Owino, W., Dayoo, L., Ganda, G., Kariuki, S., Reboud, J., Cooper, J., de Wit, T. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven rapid diagnostic test interpretation in a Connected Diagnostics (ConnDx) system for dynamic malaria surveillance. BMC Digit Health 3, 62 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s44247-025-00197-x

Read More
artificial intelligence, AIDS, HIV, prevention, treatment, machine learning, surveillance, 95-95-95 Paul Isabelli artificial intelligence, AIDS, HIV, prevention, treatment, machine learning, surveillance, 95-95-95 Paul Isabelli

Online delivery of oral HIV pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis: findings from the ePrEP Kenya pilot

Kiptinness, C., Naik, P., Kareithi, T., Thuo, N., Okello, P., Culquichicon, C., Rafferty, M., Abdulrashid, S., Jomo, E., Nyamasyo, N., Wood, T., Mendonca, R., Malen, R.C., Dettinger, J.C., Pintye, J., Mwangi, J., Stergachis, A., Onentia, J., Curran, K., Mugambi, M.L., Were, D., Ngure, K., Sharma, M., Ortblad, K.F. and (2025), Online delivery of oral HIV pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis: findings from the ePrEP Kenya pilot. J Int AIDS Soc., 28: e26468. https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.26468

Read More
artificial intelligence, AIDS, HIV, prevention, treatment, machine learning, surveillance, 95-95-95 Sarah Morris artificial intelligence, AIDS, HIV, prevention, treatment, machine learning, surveillance, 95-95-95 Sarah Morris

Reimagining HIV prevention with artificial intelligence

Jirair Ratevosian, Michael Reid, Zhao Ni, Rouella Mendonca, Robyn Eakle , Cheryl Johnson, Izukanji Sikazwe, Meshack Ndirangu, Solange Baptiste, Linda-Gail Bekker, “Reimagining HIV prevention with artificial intelligence”, 11 June, 2025, The Lancet HIV, Volume 0, Issue 0

Read More
artificial intelligence, AIDS, HIV, prevention, treatment, machine learning, surveillance, 95-95-95 Sarah Morris artificial intelligence, AIDS, HIV, prevention, treatment, machine learning, surveillance, 95-95-95 Sarah Morris

Assessing the accuracy of the recording and reporting of malaria rapid diagnostic test results in four African countries: Methods and key results

Kim A. Lindblade, Arthur Mpimbaza2, Corine Ngufor, William Yavo, Sunday Atobatele, Ese Akpiroroh, Abibatou Konate-Toure, Idelphonse Ahogni, Nelson Ssewante, Bosco Agaba, Augustin Kpemasse, Jacques Agnon, Onyebuchi Okoro, Godwin Ntadom, Antoine Tanoh, Cyriaque Affoukou, Jimmy Opigo, Shawna Cooper, John J. Aponte, Kevin Griffith, Radina Soebiyanto, Michael Humes, “Assessing the accuracy of the recording and reporting of malaria rapid diagnostic test results in four African countries: Methods and key results”. Malar J 24, 206 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05459-7

Read More
artificial intelligence, AIDS, HIV, prevention, treatment, machine learning, surveillance, 95-95-95 Sarah Morris artificial intelligence, AIDS, HIV, prevention, treatment, machine learning, surveillance, 95-95-95 Sarah Morris

Reform and Renewal: Five Recommendations for PEPFAR

Authors: Ratevosian J, Dow D, Ogbuoji O, Okeke L, Yamey G, Beyrer C; Reviewer: Morris S, "Reform and Renewal: Five Recommendations for PEPFAR" Duke Global Health Institute, Policy Brief, Feb 2025

Read More
HIV self-test, artificial intelligence, AIDS, HIV, prevention, treatment, machine learning, surveillance, 95-95-95 Sarah Morris HIV self-test, artificial intelligence, AIDS, HIV, prevention, treatment, machine learning, surveillance, 95-95-95 Sarah Morris

Generative AI for Health in Low & Middle Income Countries

Hunt I, Parkhouse J, Rich L, Jin K, Imam M, Kim J, Posada M, Lopez M, Ugolnik Z, Soule S, Linos E, "Generative AI for Health in Low & Middle Income Countries" Center for Digital Health, Stanford, April 2025

Read More
HIV self-test, artificial intelligence, AIDS, HIV, prevention, treatment, machine learning, surveillance, 95-95-95 Sarah Morris HIV self-test, artificial intelligence, AIDS, HIV, prevention, treatment, machine learning, surveillance, 95-95-95 Sarah Morris

Announcing the Lancet Global Health Commission on artificial intelligence (AI) and HIV: leveraging AI for equitable and sustainable impact

Reid M, Otieno B, van Heerden A, Sikazwe I, Baptiste S, Mendonca R, Tasi G, Sundaram M, "Announcing the Lancet Global Health Commission on artificial intelligence (AI) and HIV: leveraging AI for equitable and sustainable impact" The Lancet Global Health, Volume 13, Issue 4, e611 - e612

Read More